Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand or non-melting solid carbonaceous materials (e.g. wood, coal), from oxides of carbon (e.g. Fischer-Tropsch processes), from oxygen-containing organic materials (e.g. fatty acids or fatty oils) or from gases (e.g. natural gas).

Distillation, dewatering or demulsification of hydrocarbon oils.

Catalytic or non-catalytic cracking of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen.

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen.

Reforming naphtha.

Hydrotreatment processes involving refining, cracking or other treatment of hydrocarbon oils in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds.

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from lower carbon number hydrocarbons, e.g. oligomerisation or polymerisation to make longer carbon chains. Multi-step processes for treating hydrocarbon oils in the presence or absence of hydrogen.

Working up of normally gaseous mixtures of undefined composition obtained from cracking processes.

Treatment of hydrocarbon oils or fatty oils for lubricating purposes, including thickening by voltolisation. Recovery of refining of mineral waxes, e.g. montan wax.

This subclass covers the production or treatment of normally liquid hydrocarbon mixtures. The production or treatment of normally solid or gaseous carbonaceous materials is covered by subclasses C10B, C10C, C10F, C10J, C10K.

The borderline between C10G 2/00, C10L 3/06 and C07C 1/02 is not entirely clear in respect of the production of hydrocarbons from oxides of carbon (e.g. using processes such as the Fischer-Tropsch process starting from synthesis gas or syngas). Multiple classifications exist in this area.

Processes in general and apparatus for distillation are classified in B01D and working-up unidentified gaseous mixtures obtained by cracking hydrocarbon oils are classified in C10G 7/00.

Catalytic reactors are in general classified in B01J and refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents are classified in C10G 25/00.

Apparatus used in C10G are classified in B01D, B01D when the apparatus is the invention.

Looping references between C10G and C10B have been identified. Until this inconsistency is resolved in IPC, the current classification practice in CPC is as follows: C10B is considered as informative reference.

In this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.

Groups C10G 9/00 - C10G 49/00 are limited to one-step processes; combined or multi-step processes are covered by groups C10G 51/00 - C10G 69/00. Refining or recovery of mineral waxes is covered by group C10G 73/00.

Liquid intermediary products with oxygen or biomass are classified in C10G 3/00.

Solid oxygen containing carbonaceous material is classified in C10G 1/00.

Classification within the main scheme is only done with Invention symbols.

The use of orthogonal codes is mandatory, especially if some features are only available in the orthogonal groups, e.g. process features.

Liquefaction processes of feedstocks, being already partially liquefied in a pretreatment step.

Combinations of processes provided in groups C10G 1/02 - C10G 1/08.

Production of liquid hydrocarbons mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand or non-melting solid carbonaceous by separation of insoluble materials.

Separation process of bitumen from froth, which can be prepared by a process is classified in C10G 1/047.

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand or similar material in the presence of a catalyst, the catalyst being moving or not.

Production of liquid hydrocarbons from rubber or polymers as such.

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from CO or CO₂, Fisher-Tropsch reaction.

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from gas not from a liquid like in reforming reaction

Processes using Fischer-Tropsch reactions as such (no details), e.g. in combination with other process steps.

Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from carbon monoxide with water vapour

Preparation of individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof from compounds containing exclusively or additionally elements other than carbon and hydrogen, are classified in C07C 1/00.

Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from gases by cooling or compressing, e.g. straight condensation cooling

Recovery of liquid hydrocarbon from gases by condensation cooling is classified in C10G 5/00

Distillation of hydrocarbon oils is classified in C10G 7/00

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen by cooling is classified in C10G 31/06

Dehydrogenation of parafins to olefins; dehydrogenation of naphthenes to aromatics.

Coking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils to produce liquid products.

Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by pressure distillation characterised by the apparatus for removing incrustation, e.g corrosion

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen by liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases using halogen acids or oxyacids of halogen, e.g. acid halide, HF (hydrogen flouride)

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen by liquid-liquid treatment forming two immiscible phases using acid-forming oxides, e.g. oleum

Refining processes using a mixture of compounds from groups C10G 21/14 - C10G 21/26.

Refining processes using as a solvent a compound containing two or more elements from the group (oxygen, halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphor and silicon);

organic compounds not provided for in a single one of groups C10G 21/14 - C10G 21/26.

Refining processes using physical adsorbents.

When classifying in this group, classification is also made in group

B01D 15/08 insofar as subject matter of general interest relating to

chromatography is concerned.

Specific sorbent materials, like silica, alumina, etc. not covered by C10G 25/02 or C10G 25/03.

Processes using ion-exchange material as adsorbent, thus no ion-exchange takes place, i.e. the material adsorbs the impurity without leaving an ion (being part of the material) in the hydrocarbon liquid.

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with crystalline alumino silicates, e.g. molecular sieves, zeolites.

Oxidation processes using as the catalyst an alkaline solution, e.g. sodium hydroxide solution

Oxidation processes using as the catalyst copper chloride.

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen by oxidation processes using as the catalyst metal-containing organic complexes or cationic ion-exchange resins

Refining of hydrocarbons oils by adding a catalyst; chemisorption, other chemicals being any compound that will react with the hydrocarbon oils in order to refine them, to remove impurities.

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid adsorbents is classified in C10G 25/00

Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen by reaction with hydrocarbons added to the hydrocarbon oil, e.g.

Alkylation processes.

Desalting processes, refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, by treating with liquid water or steam

Refining of hydrocarbon oils by particle radiation

Nuclear radiation processes.

Treatment of naphtha, in order to improve the octane number or its aromatic content.

Catalytic reforming naphta characterised by the catalyst containing crystalline alumino-silicates, e.g. molecular sieves, zeolites including only silica or alumina.

Hydrogenation of olefins.

Refining processes in the presence of an ebullated bed.

Dewaxing processes by selective hydroisomerisation and/or selective hydrocracking, without changing the boiling point.

Dehydrogenation processes of naphthenes.

Cracking processes of hydrocabon oils in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds characterised by the catalyst being oxides, the oxides does not form part of the reaction. It's a bulk catalyst

Cracking processes using a bulk catalyst, i.e. in the absence of a support.

Cracking processes of hydrocabon oils in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds characterised by the catalyst being sulfides

Cracking processes using a bulk catalyst, i.e. in the absence of a support.

Cracking processes of hydrocabon oils in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen generating compounds characterised by the catalyst being halides

Cracking processes using a bulk catalyst, i.e. in the absence of a support.

Thermal hydrovisbreaking processes.

Refining processes in the presence of an ebullated bed.

Hydrocarbons that can give hydrogen, e.g. parafine transformed to olefine, the hydrogen being released with the reaction is used for the cracking process.

Hydrogen donor diluent cracking, e.g. tetraline.

Treatment of hydrocarbon oils in the presence of hydrogen not provided for in a single one of the groups C10G 45/02, C10G 45/32, C10G 45/44, C10G 45/58 or C10G 47/00, i.e. processes in general that can be applied to any process in the presence of hydrogen.

Exceptions are C10G 49/002, C10G 49/005, C10G 49/007, C10G 49/22 and C10G 49/24: documents should be classified in C10G 49/002, C10G 49/005, C10G 49/007, C10G 49/22 or C10G 49/24 and C10G 45/00 (if hydrorefining) or C10G 47/00 (if hydrocracking).

Treatment in the presence of hydrogen from a special source (refining, cracking, general) , e.g. Fischer-Tropsch tail gas.

Any specific source other than hydrogen, specific cleaning treatment

Treatment in the presence of hydrogen (refining, cracking, general) comprising separation of the effluents.

Start-up treatment in the presence of hydrogen (refining, cracking, general).

Preparation of individual hydrocarbons or mixtures thereof of definite or specified constitution are classified in C07C 2/00 or C07C 1/00.

working-up undefined normally gaseous mixture obtained by processes covered by C10G 9/00, C10G 11/00, C10G 15/00, C10G 47/00 and C10G 51/00.

working up implies improvement of the material, it's a kind of processing

Treatment of apparatus for treatment or conversion of hydrocarbons oils in general, against corrosion or fouling.