CPC Definition - Subclass D21H
This place covers:
Pulp compositions for paper manufacturing, papers obtained therefrom, coated papers and impregnated paper. It also covers the processes for adding materials to pulp or papers and after-treatments of papers as well as special papers.
The groups D21H 11/00 and D21H 13/00 relate to the pulp per se (or paper obtained therefrom). The mechanical part of pulp preparation is classified in D21B or D21D. Chemical processes of pulp preparation are classified in D21C. Chemo-mechanical and thermo-mechanical processes of pulp preparation are classified in D21B.
The main groups D21H 17/00 and D21H 19/00 relateto paper impregnated/coated with a composition of chemical compounds. D21H 17/00 also includes addition of chemicals to the pulp before paper forming. Where said composition of compounds is also claimed per se, subclasses addressing the preparation of said compounds and/or composition per se, in the form of e.g. coatings or adhesives, might become relevant for the classification (see below in details the informative references given for D21H 17/00 and D21H 19/00).
This place does not cover:
Coating methods and machines (general) | |
Treatment of wood or similar materials | |
Manufacture by dry process of articles, with or without organic binding agent, made from particles or fibres of wood or other lingo-cellulosic or like organic materials | |
Forming of paper tubes or pipes | |
Mechanical working or deformation of paper or cardboard | |
Organic composites (resin + fibres) | |
Laminates | |
Pulping processes, preparation or after-treatment of pulp | |
Papermaking methods and machines per se | |
Calenders; accessories for papermaking machines | |
Fibre-board |
The main aspect(s) of the invention is/are given a class according to the classification scheme. The invention per se should be classified in the last appropriate class(es). Ideally, one class should be given for covering the main aspect of the invention per se. Exceptionally, the core of the invention may also be classified by using up to three classes.
In this place, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:
Pulp | a dispersion e.g. an aqueous suspension comprising paper-making fibres and optional additives, which is to be processed, and covers the term "stock"; it also means dry paper-making fibres which are to be made into paper by either wet or dry processes. |
Paper | paper, cardboard or wet-laid non-woven. Note also that there is e.g. a class for multi-ply paper comprising dry-laid paper (D21H 27/42) and that the paper e.g. can consist of 100% non-cellulosic fibres ( D21H 13/00). |
Binder or binding agent | usually a macromolecular product used to bind the paper-making fibres together in order to give cohesion to the final paper sheet [e.g. starchy materials, latexes, etc.]. |
Fibres | under paper-making fibres are meant short fibres (maximum length in the range of the mm). Papers also comprising long fibres or filaments are classified in D21H 15/00. |
Filler or pigment | usually designating fine particles added to the pulp (very often inorganic materials such as talc, kaolin, silica, calcium carbonate, etc.). |
Sizing agent or hydrophobizing agent | agent added in order to increase the hydrophobicity of the paper |
Coating | layer of material applied to the paper substrate. Although part of this material may penetrate through the substrate, a coated paper is characterized by the presence of said layer on its surface. |
Impregnation | application of a liquid material to a paper substrate wherein the liquid material penetrates substantially the substrate [e.g. by submerging the substrate into a bath containing the liquid material]. |
In patent documents, the following words/expressions are often used with the meaning indicated:
"fibres" | "fibers" |
This place does not cover:
Pulp or paper containing any kind of synthetic fibres |
Paper comprising synthetic fibres (possibly up to 100% synthetic fibres) may be used for different purposes. Such paper claimed per se is classified in this group.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Filters, particle separators, etc | |
Glass fibres; manufacture of fibres from mineral materials | |
Synthetic fibres | |
Insulating papers; electrical papers | |
Batteries (separators, spacing elements) |
This place covers:
Paper comprising long fibres, filaments, flakes or special fibres, being defined by their configuration (geometry, curled fibres, filaments, etc) or by specific properties (e.g. composite fibres).
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Manufacture/treatment of fibres, filaments, flake from glass, mineral or slags | |
Fibres or filament composition | |
Use of fibres or whiskers characterized by shape | |
Synthetic fibres |
This place covers:
Substances added to the pulp or to the paper by impregnation, characterized by their nature. Macromolecular or non-macromolecular compounds, material of vegetable origin, inorganic materials, etc.
In principle substances to be added by coating are to be found in D21H 19/00, unless both groups are possible.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Other metals (beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, etc.) | |
Compounds containing metal | |
Particles morphology | |
Physical properties of inorganic compounds | |
Polysaccharides; derivatives thereof (preparations of cellulose, starch, amylose, etc.) | |
Use of inorganic ingredients | |
Use of prepared ingredients | |
Compositions of macromolecular compounds | |
Inorganic materials | |
Coating/impregnating compositions per se | |
Inks | |
Microorganisms or enzymes |
This place covers:
This group covers paper which have been coated (i.e. by means of a coated process per se) as well as the coating material per se.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Recording sheets characterised by the coating used to improve ink, dye or pigment receptivity | |
Polysaccharides; derivatives thereof (preparations of cellulose, starch, amylose, etc.) | |
Compositions of macromolecular compounds | |
Coating/impregnating compositions per se | |
Inks | |
Coated fibreboard |
Where the coating is characterized by the filler/pigment used:
Other metals (beryllium, magnesium, aluminium, calcium, etc.) | |
Compounds containing metal | |
Particles morphology | |
Physical properties of inorganic compounds | |
Use of inorganic ingredients | |
Use of prepared ingredients | |
Inorganic materials |
This place covers:
In this group the substances added to the paper are classified according to the function (hydrophobic agents, biocidal agents, ignifugeants, agents improving the absorbency of the formed paper, wet-strength agents, etc.) or specific properties (size, geometry, etc.) of the substance.
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
As to security paper:
Making microcapsules | |
Watermarking | |
Security printing | |
Printing plates | |
Banknotes, cheques, shares, bonds: | |
Identity card, cheque, etc | |
With moiré effects | |
With security threads | |
Watermarking devices | |
Testing paper currency or valuable paper for genuineness |
Additives defined by length or shape: see references given in D21H 15/00, D21H 17/00, D21H 19/00 regarding the fillers/pigments or other additional materials
Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials | |
Fire extinguishing compositions | |
Organic dyes or closely-related compounds for producing dyes; mordants; lakes | |
Treatment of inorganic materials | |
Fire proof paints | |
Inks | |
Modification of pulp properties | |
Removal of fats, resins, pitch or waxes from the pulp |
This place covers:
Processes for adding a substance to the pulp (D21H 23/04 - D21H 23/20) or to the formed paper (D21H 23/22 - D21H 23/74).
This place covers:
This group is concerned with treatment of the formed/finished paper (e.g. mechanical treatments, chemical treatments, physical treatments, etc.). Coating processes per se do not fall within the scope of this group.
This place covers:
Paper materials for a special use (release paper, tissue paper, packing paper, wallpaper, etc.) or having a multi-ply structure.
Layered products per se are classified in the subclass B32B.
This place does not cover:
Cigarette papers |
Attention is drawn to the following places, which may be of interest for search:
Medals or badges | |
Paper filter inlays for filters/strainers for coffee or tea makers | |
Toilet paper; paper towels | |
Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towel, swab or tampon | |
Cosmetic | |
Filter paper (see also informative ref. given for D21H 13/00); made on papermaking machine | |
Embossing | |
Creping | |
Attaching together paper or cardboard sheets | |
By adhesive means | |
Layered products comprising a layer of paper | |
Printed wallpapers | |
Sheets temporarily attached together | |
Decorative sheet/papers | |
Paperhanging | |
Labelling | |
Packing; packaging; containers | |
Paper support for adhesive film / pre-gummed wallpaper | |
Non-woven | |
Multi-ply papers made on papermaking machines | |
On the papermaking machine | |
Anti-coil photographic support | |
Labels, tag ticket | |
Embossed/patterned papers: |